Axillary Contracture

Axillary contracture refers to the abnormal tightening or shortening of the soft tissues in the axillary region, commonly known as the armpit. This condition can result from various factors, including burns, trauma, surgery, or prolonged immobilization, leading to restricted movement and reduced flexibility in the shoulder and upper arm.

Burn injuries affecting the axillary region can lead to scar tissue formation, causing the skin and underlying tissues to contract and tighten over time. Scar tissue has a tendency to contract, which can result in axillary contracture and subsequent limitation of shoulder movement.

Traumatic injuries such as lacerations, crush injuries, or fractures involving the axilla can also cause damage to the soft tissues and lead to scar formation and contracture development in the armpit area.

Surgical procedures involving the axilla, such as lymph node dissection, mastectomy, or reconstructive surgery for breast cancer treatment, may predispose individuals to axillary contracture if proper postoperative care and rehabilitation measures are not implemented.

The symptoms of axillary contracture may vary depending on the severity and location of the contracture but often include:

• Decreased range of motion: Difficulty raising the arm or reaching overhead due to tightness and restriction in the axillary region.
• Stiffness and tightness: Feeling of tightness or pulling in the soft tissues of the axilla.
• Difficulty with daily activities: Impaired ability to perform tasks such as dressing, grooming, or reaching for objects.
• Pain or discomfort: Discomfort or pain with movement or when pressure is applied to the affected axilla.
• Skin changes: Visible scarring or skin changes in the armpit area, including thickening or discoloration of the skin.

Management of axillary contracture typically involves a combination of conservative measures and surgical intervention, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the condition. Conservative treatment options may include stretching exercises, physical therapy, or the use of splints or orthoses to help gradually stretch and mobilize the soft tissues in the axilla.

In cases where conservative measures are ineffective, surgical intervention may be necessary to release the tightened tissues and restore normal shoulder function. Surgical techniques may include scar tissue release, tissue grafting, or muscle and tendon lengthening procedures to improve mobility and alleviate symptoms.