Polydactyly

Polydactyly is a congenital condition characterized by the presence of extra fingers or toes on the hands or feet. It occurs during fetal development when there is an abnormality in the formation of the digits, leading to the development of additional digits. Polydactyly can vary in severity and presentation, ranging from a small, non-functional extra digit to a fully formed, functioning finger or toe.

Types of polydactyly

• Postaxial Polydactyly: In postaxial polydactyly, the extra digit is located on the ulnar (pinky finger side) of the hand or the fibular (outer side) of the foot.
• Preaxial Polydactyly: In preaxial polydactyly, the extra digit is located on the radial (thumb side) of the hand or the tibial (inner side) of the foot.

Polydactyly can occur in isolation or may be associated with other congenital anomalies or genetic syndromes. It is often diagnosed at birth based on physical examination, and imaging studies such as X-rays may be performed to evaluate the anatomy of the extra digit and its attachment to the hand or foot.

Treatment for polydactyly depends on the severity of the condition, the functionality of the extra digit, and the preferences of the individual and their family. In cases where the extra digit is small, non-functional, and does not interfere with hand or foot function, it may be left in place without surgical intervention. However, if the extra digit causes functional or cosmetic concerns, surgical removal (excision) may be recommended.

During polydactyly surgery, the surgeon carefully removes the extra digit and reconstructs the surrounding tissues to create a cosmetically pleasing and functional hand or foot. The timing of surgery depends on factors such as the size and complexity of the extra digit and the preferences of the patient and their family. Surgery is often performed during infancy or early childhood to minimize potential developmental and psychosocial concerns.