Syndactyly

Syndactyly is a congenital condition characterized by the fusion or webbing of two or more fingers or toes. It occurs during fetal development when the digits fail to separate properly. Syndactyly can involve varying degrees of fusion, ranging from a simple webbing of skin between the digits to more complex fusion involving bones, joints, and tissues.

There are different types of syndactyly, classified based on the extent and location of the fusion:

• Simple Syndactyly: In this type, only the soft tissues (skin and sometimes connective tissue) between the fingers or toes are fused. The bones and joints remain separate.
• Complex Syndactyly: This type involves fusion not only of the soft tissues but also of the bones and joints of the affected digits.
• Incomplete Syndactyly: In incomplete syndactyly, only a portion of the digits is fused, leaving some degree of separation between the affected fingers or toes.

Syndactyly can occur in isolation or may be associated with other congenital anomalies or genetic syndromes. It is often diagnosed at birth based on physical examination and may be confirmed through imaging studies such as X-rays.

Treatment for syndactyly typically involves surgical correction to separate the fused digits and restore normal finger or toe anatomy and function. The timing of surgery depends on factors such as the severity of the syndactyly, the presence of associated anomalies, and the preferences of the patient and their family. Surgery is often recommended during early childhood to allow for optimal growth and development of the affected digits.

During syndactyly surgery, the surgeon carefully separates the fused tissues, reconstructs any abnormal structures (such as bones or tendons), and repairs the skin to create individual, functioning fingers or toes. Post-operative rehabilitation may be necessary to promote healing, prevent complications, and maximize hand or foot function.