Nerve Compression Syndrome

Nerve compression syndrome, also known as nerve entrapment or pinched nerve, refers to a condition in which a nerve is compressed or squeezed by surrounding tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, or bones. This compression can result in pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, or other symptoms along the course of the affected nerve. Nerve compression syndromes can occur in various parts of the body and are commonly associated with repetitive motions, injury, anatomical variations, or medical conditions that cause inflammation or swelling.

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most well-known nerve compression syndromes and involves compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This can result in pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers, particularly the thumb, index, and middle fingers.
• Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Cubital tunnel syndrome occurs when the ulnar nerve is compressed as it passes through the cubital tunnel at the elbow. Symptoms may include pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers, particularly the ring and little fingers.
• Sciatica: Sciatica is a common nerve compression syndrome that occurs when the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back down the back of each leg, is compressed or irritated. This can cause pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness that radiates from the lower back through the buttock and down the leg.
• Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Thoracic outlet syndrome involves compression of the nerves and blood vessels as they pass through the thoracic outlet, a narrow space between the collarbone and the first rib. Symptoms may include pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the neck, shoulder, arm, and hand.
• Peroneal Nerve Compression: Peroneal nerve compression can occur at various locations along the course of the nerve, resulting in pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the lower leg, ankle, and foot.

Treatment for nerve compression syndromes depends on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms but may include:

• Rest and activity modification
• Physical therapy and exercises to improve strength and flexibility
• Splinting or bracing to immobilize and support the affected area
• Medications to reduce pain and inflammation
• Steroid injections to reduce swelling and inflammation around the compressed nerve