Paediatric Burns

Pediatric burns present unique challenges due to children's smaller size, delicate skin, and increased risk of complications. These burns can result from various causes including scalds, contact burns, flames, chemicals, or electricity. Effective management of pediatric burns requires prompt assessment, specialized care, and attention to the child's emotional needs.

The assessment of pediatric burns involves evaluating the extent, depth, and location of the injury, as well as the child's age, medical history, and mechanism of injury. Severe burns or those involving critical areas such as the face, hands, or airway require immediate attention and may necessitate transfer to a specialized burn center.

In the acute phase of management, the primary goals are pain relief, wound care, and prevention of infection. Pain management is crucial and may involve medications such as acetaminophen or opioids. Cooling the burn with cool (not cold) water helps alleviate pain and reduce tissue damage. Wound care involves gentle cleansing and debridement to remove debris and dead tissue. Topical antimicrobial agents or dressings may be applied to prevent infection.

Children with moderate to severe burns may require fluid resuscitation to maintain adequate hydration and tissue perfusion. Fluid requirements are calculated based on the extent and depth of the burn injury. Careful monitoring of fluid balance, vital signs, and electrolyte levels is essential.

Long-term management of pediatric burns focuses on wound healing, scar management, and rehabilitation. Physical therapy helps maintain range of motion, prevent contractures, and promote functional recovery. Psychosocial support services are crucial for addressing the emotional impact of burns on children and their families. Counseling, play therapy, and support groups can help children cope with trauma and adjust to changes in physical appearance and function.